20 Essential Japanese Customs for Visitors

Understanding Japanese Etiquette and Cultural Norms

Before my recent trip to Japan, I spent time watching YouTube videos to learn how to use chopsticks properly. In Japan, these wooden utensils, known as ohashi, are essential for most meals, allowing diners to transfer food from their plates to their mouths. Initially, I struggled with the technique of keeping the lower chopstick still while moving the upper one, often resulting in food ending up on my lap. After countless hours of practice, I eventually mastered this skill. However, once I arrived in Tokyo, I quickly realized that my learning curve for Japanese customs and general behavior was just beginning.

I discovered the concept of omotenashi, which is about hospitality through polite and respectful actions toward others and the environment. Embracing this idea made me more aware of the importance of etiquette in Japanese culture. When I tried to apply these manners, the Japanese people appreciated my efforts, and I found that any traveler who learns even a few of these standards of behavior is seen as a considerate visitor.

Greetings, Interactions, and Public Etiquette

1. Learn basic phrases – Greeting strangers with “Ohayo” (hello) or expressing gratitude with “Arigatou” (thank you) can go a long way. The phrase “Sumimasen” (excuse me) is also highly appreciated.
2. Avoid the number four – The word for four in Japanese, “shi,” is similar to the word for death. Many people avoid using it, so ordering “shi biru” (four beers) could be misinterpreted.
3. Use a bow instead of a handshake – A slight head bow with palms together is the preferred greeting. It shows respect and politeness.
4. Stay on the left – In crowded cities like Tokyo, people walk on the left side of sidewalks and escalators to allow others to pass on the right.
5. Keep streets clean – During the pandemic, public trash cans were removed, but people still maintained cleanliness by not eating or drinking while walking.
6. Carry your own trash – Many people bring their own plastic bags to dispose of waste at home or in hotels.
7. Respect taxi rules – Taxi drivers do not engage in conversation, and it's best to have your destination written in Japanese for the driver.
8. Be prepared for taxi drop-offs – Taxis may not stop directly in front of hotels in busy areas, requiring guests to walk a short distance.
9. Hotel services vary – Full maid service is not common; guests are responsible for keeping their rooms tidy unless they request additional cleaning.
10. Tipping is unnecessary – Leaving a tip is considered impolite in Japan, as service is expected to be excellent without extra compensation.
11. Use the tray system – Cashiers do not take money directly from customers. Instead, a tray and coin machine handle transactions.
12. Embrace technology – Vending machines often feature AI that analyzes buyers' expressions to make recommendations.

Proper Chopstick and Dining Etiquette

1. Chopstick etiquette – Never pass food between two chopsticks, use them to take food from communal bowls, or wave them around. Always use a chopstick rest and never stand them upright in rice.
2. Toast before drinking – Raising glasses in a toast of “kanpai” is essential before drinking.
3. Slurp noodles – Slurping is a sign of enjoyment, and holding the bowl with both hands when drinking soup is customary.
4. Avoid blowing your nose at the table – Leave the room to blow your nose and use only paper tissues.
5. Use moistened cloths properly – These are for washing hands before a meal, not for wiping your mouth.

Slippers, Socks, and Space-Age Toilets

1. Remove shoes – Entering homes, restaurants, or temples often requires taking off shoes. Always carry temple socks to show respect.
2. Change slippers for the restroom – Use provided bathroom slippers and never return to public areas wearing them.
3. Experience washlets – These advanced toilets offer various functions, including water sprays, seat warming, and sound systems.

After nearly three weeks in Japan, I returned to the United States and realized how much I had come to appreciate the reserved and respectful nature of the Japanese people. I missed the order and comfort I felt during my travels, and the culture that initially seemed so different became something I deeply valued.