Study Reveals Key Genetic Disparities Between Male and Female Placentas

According to a study conducted by researchers from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and other organisations, there are notable disparities in gene expression between male and female placentas. These discrepancies arise due to variations in the addition or removal of chemical markers called methyl groups on DNA sequences, which can activate or deactivate specific genes without altering their fundamental makeup. Gaining insights into these DNA methylation profiles could potentially shed light on why males face an increased likelihood of experiencing certain pregnancy-related issues like stillbirth and premature birth. Additionally, this knowledge might also help elucidate potential links with subsequent adult health problems associated with complex pregnancies.

Scientists examined placenta samples from both males and females as part of a broader investigation and identified variations in DNA methylation. These disparities in genetic expression could contribute to differences in birth weight and susceptibility to certain illnesses later in life between male and female placentas.

The research uncovered 2,497 new DNA locations showing distinct methylation differences between males and females. When combining this data with over 2,500 sites pinpointed earlier, it showed that about 66.9% of significant rises in methylation were found in male placentas, compared to roughly 33.1% in female ones. The increase in methylation among male placentas correlated with larger newborns, whereas such an uptick in females corresponded to bigger placentas overall.

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